TetherX Camera Setup Guide v2 - NVR IPCAMERA SECURITY
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TetherX Camera Setup Guide v2

TetherX Camera Setup Guide v2
TetherX Camera Setup Guide v2

TetherX Setup Guide v2, Tether your video , alarm panels, network infrastructure and other IP or Serial devices to the cloud. Monitor the health of your sites, cloud record cameras and integrate with third party services.

The steps required to set up Samsung Cameras / DVRs and NVRs

Setting Correct Profiles

Please ensure you have 2 profiles configured on your device:

1.The Event or Recording Profile – This will be used to record events. For optimal performance, this this to the higher resolution / frame-rate of the device or as desired if you have specific requirements.
2.The Live Profile – This will be use for live view and the analytics stream. For optimal performance, set this to 720p 15fps – set this as the default profile on NVRs/DVRs.

Cameras are the easiest to set up and should work out of the box. If the cameras are not working for any reason, please try one of the following for the Analytics Path and Recording Path:

• Analytics_Path: /profile2/media.smp
• Recordings_Path: /profile1/media.smp

The above assumes profile2 is set to 720p with 15fps and profile1 is set to the maximum resolution / frame rate.

Please also ensure the RTSP port is correct (554 by default).

Multi-Sensor IP Cameras & Encoders

If your device is a multi-sensor camera or an encoder, please set the Analytics Path as follows:

• /<sensor#>/profile2/media.smp
• /<sensor#>/profile2/media.smp

Sensor # range is from 0-3 (0 = Sensor 1, 1 = Sensor 2…)

For example for PNM-9081VQ, PNM-9080VQ, PNM-9322VQP, PNM-9002VQ, or PNM-7002VD:

• Camera 1: /0/profile2/media.smp
• Camera 2: /1/profile2/media.smp
• Camera 3: /2/profile2/media.smp
• Camera 4: /3/profile2/media.smp

NVR – Network Video Recorders

1.Set the correct RTSP port – The RTSP port for NVRs will be the last Device Port set on the unit. i.e. if device port is set to 554-558, 558 will be the port for RTSP.
2.Set the correct Analytics Path – Channel numbering starts at 0.
1.E.g. /LiveChannel/0/media.smp
3.Set the correct Recording Path – Channel numbering starts at 0.
1.E.g. /RecordChannel/0/media.smp

To get the full list of supported profiles, you can create a tunnel to the camera and visit the following URL (replacing {PORT} with the actual tunnel port):
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http://timeline.is:{PORT}/stw-cgi/media.cgi?msubmenu=videoprofilepolicy&action=view

You will see something like the following:

Channel.0.NetworkProfile=2

Channel.0.LiveProfile=2

Channel.0.RecordProfile=2

Channel.0.LiveMode=Manual

Channel.1.NetworkProfile=2

Channel.1.LiveProfile=2

Channel.1.RecordProfile=2

Channel.1.LiveMode=Manual

Please ensure the Live and Record profiles are mapped to the desired resolution/frame-rate/codec.

DVR – Digital Video Recorders

DVR recorders setup is similar to NVR setup with the following differences:

1.Set the correct RTSP port – The RTSP port for DVRs will be the last Device Port set on the unit. i.e. if device port is set to 4520-4524, 4524 will be the port for RTSP.
2.Set the correct Analytics Path – numbering starts at 0.
1.E.g. /<camera>camera
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Note: If you have any issues following this process or if you would prefer the TetherX support team set this up to you, please contact us on the live chat in the bottom right of TetherX.

TetherX Camera Setup Guide v2

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Can I use TetherX alongside HikConnect?

Can I use on my Hikvision cameras and recorders?

Yes.

Please make sure that stream encryption is switched off under > Network > Advanced :

HikConnect stream encryption uses a proprietary mechanism which is not available to third-parties. Please note TetherX will encrypt the stream to the highest standards, for more information please see our security white-paper.

Note: If you are still getting a broken stream or no live view, please try updating the camera and/or recorder to the latest. There are known issues that have been addressed by Hikvision.

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Live View – Technical Implementation Details

How TetherX implements live view to be compatible with all manufacturers

Introduction

The quality, latency and smoothness of live view streaming is dictated by many factors:

1.The available streams from the camera.
2.The connection speed both on site and on the viewing device.
3.The performance of the viewing device.
4.The underlying streaming technology that is being used.
5.Other manufacturer specific trickery/tweaking that may or may not be desirable.

Some of these are self-explanatory but some are a matter of trade-offs and priorities. This document explains the constraints and the decisions taken by TetherX when it comes to live view streaming.

Available Streams from Cameras

Typically cameras will provide 2 video streams as well as the ability to request a single image. These limitations dictate what is and isn’t possible when it comes to both recording and streaming.

💡 Note: More expensive and speciality cameras will provide additional video streams and custom streams of crops/de-warps of the same image (e.g. 180 or 360 cameras).

The streams are usually accessed through RTSP and the images through HTTP. For example:

• Primary Stream: 6 megapixels, 6mbit, H.265, 25fps RTSP stream
• Secondary stream: D1, 1mbit, H.264, 10fps RTSP stream
• Snapshot URL: Full resolution, 1 image over HTTP (refreshed 1 time per second)

The above is just an example as this ranges wildly depending on the hardware and customer requirements.

Formats

• H.265 – This is arguably the best currently available video format for most video applications, including video surveillance. The resulting space consumption is around 50% of H.264 for equivalent video quality (though your results may vary depending on the quality of the H.265 encoder chip and settings in your camera and/or recorder).
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Please note this format is not compatible with older devices and operating systems. At present (Q3 2023) support is limited to:
◦ Windows (version 10 1709 or newer) and only when HEVC video extensions from the Microsoft Store are installed for devices with hardware support
◦ Windows (version 8 or newer), macOS ( Big Sur 11.0 or newer), Android, Linux (Chrome 108.0.5354.0 or newer) and Chrome OS platforms with hardware support
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• H.264 – This is the only video format widely compatible across all devices. Most notably, older Windows and Android devices that cannot play H.265 in some cases. Please refer to https://caniuse.com/hevc
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• VP9 (and older) – This is Google’s attempt at an open source H.265 alternative, while a great format on paper, it is not embraced by the industry and therefore does not see wide hardware support. Because of this, it tends to use significantly more resources to both record and display and is unfortunately not recommended when dealing with many simultaneous streams.
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• MPEG4 – This is a legacy video format and is not generally compatible on modern devices and will need to be transcoded, leading to additional hardware costs, you will not see it on more recent cameras / recorders.
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• MJPEG – Usually 5 to 25x larger in size for the same number of frames. While prominent on older cameras and recorders, anything since around 2008 has switched to video formats.

Transcoding vs Proxying

TetherX supports both transcoding and proxying/packaging. The differences between the two are as follows:

Transcoding is a process of taking the stream from a camera, decoding it and then re-encoding it into a different format. This is the ideal method to hit a specific requirement of Internet and viewing size, but it is in most cases cost prohibitive as you need power hungry and expensive hardware to achieve.


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For context, a TetherBox Pico capable of recording 10 cameras will only be able to record 2 if transcoding (you can enable transcoding in TetherX by editing a camera and switching to the advanced tab).

Proxying & Packaging is what is used in most cases, where the original video stream is maintained but is packaged into different containers, for example .mp4 for video recording and .ts for local and high-def live streaming (see streaming technologies below).
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This means that ultimately, you are at the mercy of the camera/recorder. If you need to open 16 cameras and each one is 1mbit, but your upload speed is only 10mbit, it will simply not work because the stream size cannot be adjusted without either:

1.Changing your camera settings (what budget equipment typically does) OR
2.Transcoding, which is very costly.

Video vs Images

TetherX use a combination of images and video to achieve different goals. It is important to understand the differences and advantages/disadvantages of each, which in turn dictate when either is used in TetherX.

The main difference between image and video compression is every image is self contained, where every video frame is part of a stream. While you may skip an image, skipping a frame in a video stream leads to parts of the image breaking / disappearing:

Systems that ignore broken/skipped data (e.g. streaming over UDP) will show a broken image while many systems will simply show a loading spinner while they wait for the next key frame (which is controlled by the key-frame interval set on the camera/recorder, typically set to 1 second, or the same number as fps, but sometimes much longer).

Because each image is self contained, it is typically 5 to 25x larger in bitrate vs video at 25 images per second. It may initially seem obvious that video should be used when accessing remotely, however there are certain important underlying trade-offs that make it a much tougher question which needs to be evaluated on a case by case basis, according to the following:

Advantages of Images

• Initial image loads 5-10x quicker than video (you need to load 1 frame, not 25 or potentially hundreds with a larger key-interval setting on the camera/recorder).
• Handles bandwidth fluctuations seamlessly (images can be skipped which is not possible with video).
• Latency is is lower (you load 1 frame, not 25 before showing the image, more suitable for PTZ / two way audio – see streaming technologies below).
• Compatible with all cameras and viewing devices.
• Low resource utilisation on both viewing and recording device, means you can view 100+ cameras simultaneously.
• Image transcoding/transizing is an efficient method to reduce bitrate when viewing more than 16 simultaneous cameras.
• The recording quality is not impacted when viewing live (some manufacturers reduce recording quality to accommodate live view).

Disadvantages of Images

• Much higher bandwidth (5x to 25x) to achieve the same fps in live view (trade-off of quality vs smoothness).
This leads to a much lower FPS in practice when bandwidth is kept the same.

Advantages of Video

• Much lower bandwidth (5x to 25x) for the same frame-rate/smoothness.
This usually leads to a much smoother video at the same bandwidth.

Disadvantages of Video

• Much higher initial loading times (5-10x longer).
• The usually higher latencies mak it more challenging for applications such as PTZ or two way audio (note: some cameras use low latency encoders to alleviate some of this but it is a hit and miss and leads to compatibility issues).
• Will simply not load if the connection cannot sustain all requires streams.

This usually restricts how many simultaneous cameras can be viewed as it is impossible to gracefully adapt the bitrate of each stream on the fly.

• Lower quality than images.
• Trickery is used by manufacturers to allow live view by reducing recording quality which leads to potentially losing critical video evidence.

Live View Streaming Technologies

TetherX uses all mainstream streaming technologies available and choses between them depending on the specific requirements and constraints:

• MJPEG – The technology is simple and what TetherX falls back to when other methods are not practical (e.g. resource constraints). The viewing device requests an image, once that image is downloaded, the previous image is replaced and the next image is requested. The image is always complete and in full quality and the speed is determined by the available resources.
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If the device in question is limited by its performance or bandwidth, it loads the next image slower but still remains functional. This leads to a reliable live view that automatically adapts to the resources available and can sustain a virtually unlimited number of cameras viewed simultaneously. This however by design does not
provide high frame-rate which viewers associate with smoothness. It also is not efficient when viewing a smaller number of cameras at higher frame-rates.
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• HLS – This is the technology used by platforms like Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc. This technology is pioneered by Apple and works by the browser requesting a playlist, which provides the next available video file. Typically, the stream is broken up into 1 or 2 second video files (this duration is set by the key interval setting on the camera or recorder and has a significant impact on latency).
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Unless transcoding, these files simply re-package the same video stream coming from the camera and therefore, if the connection speed cannot sustain all the requested streams on screen, the video will take a long time to start and will stop after the initial second, showing a loading spinner until the next video file is fully downloaded. Effectively, sufficient bandwidth is crucial.

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Even with sufficient bandwidth, the typical latency can be anywhere from 2 to 5 seconds which leads to a poor experience in applications such as PTZ or Two Way Audio.

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• LHLS – This is an extension on the above technology that keeps the connection open instead of re-requesting the playlist each time, it can reduce latency by up to 50% but can be less reliable in some situations.
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• RTSP/RTP/RTMP – These are more traditional streaming technologies that are not readily compatible with most devices and require special flash players, plugins or custom . This can provide lower latencies than LHLS but requires additional configuration and software. TetherX uses this internally to get the streams from the cameras/recorders and convert them into more compatible streaming technologies.
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• WebRTC – This (or similar) is the technology used for video conferencing like Zoom, Teams, Skype, etc. It typically requires transcoding the video to something like VP8/9 with special low latency encoder parameters. While yielding the best results, it is cost prohibitive in most cases and is limited to a small number of simultaneous streams (see transcoding above). This has been tested by TetherX but it is presently not used in production.

How TetherX Does It

TetherX supports most streaming technologies and switches between them depending on context.

When local streaming (the TetherBox is able to detect if you are on the same network), if we are viewing less than 10 cameras simultaneously TetherX switches to LHLS (see above) to show the primary video stream from each camera at full resolution/frame-rate (assuming your viewing device is capable of displaying this many streams). If this is not working well for you, you are presented with a toggle to switch off High-def streaming to fall back to loading images.

When full screening a camera (double tap/click a camera), we assume you want the higher quality and we switch to the full primary stream. If your connection is not able to sustain this stream, we automatically fall back to loading images.

When viewing multiple sites / cameras over Internet in record mode, we switch to image viewing but we transcode/transize the images depending on the size of each live view box on your screen. This ensures that you are able to view many simultaneous cameras, the latency is lower than video, it automatically adapts to the available bandwidth and it does not impact recording quality. This does however mean a lower fps.

When viewing multiple sites / cameras over Internet in monitor mode, we proxy the connection directly to the image provided by the camera. This leads to a further lowering of fps but ensures the TetherBox can monitor the health of and provide live view of 10x more cameras than in record mode.

Learn more about using Live View in TetherX here.

How Hikvision iVMS Does it

Because of the constrains outlined above, in order to show smooth video in iVMS (and Dahua PSS) software, if the connection speeds both on site and viewing device cannot accommodate the streams, the software temporarily reconfigures the cameras to send a lower bitrate stream while keeping the resolution the same.

💡 Note: if you happen to kill the software at this point (or lose connection), this can cause the camera to permanently record in lower quality.

Because many cameras or recorders only support a single stream at above D1 resolution, this means that not only is the live view quality reduced, but also the video being recoded which can lead to losing critical video evidence.

In our testing, limiting the connection to 5mbit 200ms upload and streaming just 4 cameras in HD resulted in blocky and usable footage being recorded on the NVR. It also took over 10 seconds to get an initial image, however the motion was smooth (25fps) once loaded.

In comparison when using images (outside of the iVMS/PSS software), the images loaded almost immediately, the image quality was significantly higher, but the frame-rate was poor (3-4fps) – still sufficient for making decisions in a control room setting, but understandably disappointing in smoothness by comparison. (Note: higher fps can still be achieved by full screening a single camera on demand).

When viewing a smaller number of cameras from the same manufacturer on a single PC or phone, it looks impressive to have smooth 25fps video on iVMS/PSS/others. However, when dealing with 100+ or even 32 cameras, from different manufacturers, different firmware versions, with multiple users, across multiple sites, with differing and fluctuating bandwidths, you begin to appreciate the trade-offs and advantages/disadvantages of each approach.

💡 Note: This approach of custom code to adjust Hikvision camera settings to achieve smoother live view is only suitable if you do not care about recording quality and you are optimising for a single manufacturer with compatible models/firmware.


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TetherX is an open platform with a focus on convention over configuration, we prioritise the integrity of recorded footage above live view and we implement approaches that work across all recorders/cameras as well as viewing devices.

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/ UNV Camera Setup Guide (for use with TetherX)

Using TetherX with Uniview / UNV Cameras

Summary

Uniview or UNV cameras should work out of the box in most cases. However please note depending on the age of the camera and firmware versions, the RTSP path may be different.


Please try the following paths:

• /media/video1
• /profile1
• /videoMain
• /media/videoMain

You can set this in the Analytics Path or Recording Path by editing your camera in TetherX:

1.Tap on Admin -> Cameras
2.Tap on the edit icon on the Uniview camera:

3. Open the Advanced tab and enter the required Analytics Path and Recording Path. Please try all the paths given as examples above.

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Camera Setup Checklist

Adding IP cameras to TetherX Please note your camera may have a different interface and options may be located in a different part of the interface. Please refer to the camera manual if you are not able to find the relevant option.

Network

Set a Static IP

Set camera to unused IP on 192.168.88.x network
set DNS/Gateway to 192.168.88.100

Important: Although it’s possible to configure your camera with DHCP, and TetherBox is capable of detecting any IP changes, we strongly advise against this practice for security reasons. This setting can potentially allow the camera to connect directly to the internet, raising a range of security issues. These include unauthorised access through back doors, or the risk of security holes in the camera’s firmware if it’s not updated regularly.

Video & Audio

Recording Stream (primary)

• For 4K: H.264 4K 25FPS VBR – Quality: Medium – Type: Variable/VBR – Bitrate: 4096kbit – Key Internal: 50, No Watermark
• For 1080P: H.264 1080P 25FPS VBR – Quality: Medium – Type: Variable/VBR – Bitrate: 2048kbit – Key Internal: 50, No Watermark

Analytics Stream (secondary)

• Recommended: H.264 720P – 8FPS – Type: Variable/VBR – Quality: Medium – Bitrate: 1024kbit – Key Interval: 16 (double the frame rate).
• The analytics stream is used to detect the objects vs background, please ensure this is 720P or below at 10FPS or lower.

Conditions

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• Anti Flicker: 50hz (in the UK, adjust for your desired locale)
• BLC: WDR – Middle

Audio (optional)

• Sampling Rate 16K
• Enable Main/Sub Stream
• Encode Mode: G.711A

Date & Time

One option is to disable time from being displayed in the camera at all. You generally do this under OSD settings. If you do wish time to be displayed in the image, you need to set the following:

•Usually under Basic/System -> General -> Date & Time
•NTP Server: Set to TetherBox IP address (usually 192.168.88.100)
•DST: Set appropriate settings for your Timezone. e.g. British Summer Time begins at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday of March and ends at 01:00 GMT (02:00 BST) on the last Sunday of October

About the author

M.Salih ASLAN

Hello, I live in Salih Turkey. I serve in dvr, nvr, security and surveillance industry. Write to me for any comments and suggestions ..

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